白蚁是一类受到世界广泛关注的重要社会性昆虫,对人类生活、经济以及生态环境等有很大的影响,特别是乳白蚁属Coptotermes众多种类危害尤为严重。乳白蚁常随木质包装或原木远距离传播异地建群,其为害隐蔽、潜伏期长,一旦爆发则为害严重且难防治,因其种类多、形态趋同,同一巢群中有龄期不一的虫态和多种生物型,可用分类特征少,造成形态分类困难、人为分类现象普遍。近年来分子生物学技术的日益发展,使得白蚁的分类鉴定更加快速、灵敏和可靠,系统发育分析研究更为深入全面,遗传进化方面取得大量研究成果。本文对基于生物信息学的乳白蚁属检疫分类鉴定和系统发育研究方法进行了介绍和评述,并对DNA技术在乳白蚁属分类和进化研究中的应用进行了讨论。 Termites are a kind of social insects which have been widely concerned in the world. They have a great impact on human life, economy and environment, especially the Coptotermes species. The term “termites termites” often builds off-site with the long-distance spread of wood packaging or logs. The insects are hidden and have a long incubation period. Once the outbreak occurs, the termites are severely damaged and difficult to control. Because of their diversity and morphological convergence, State and a variety of biological type, less available classification features, resulting in morphological classification difficulties, widespread anthropogenic classification. In recent years, with the development of molecular biology, the classification and identification of termites is faster, more sensitive and more reliable. The phylogenetic analysis is more comprehensive and the genetic evolution has achieved a great deal of research results. In this paper, the method of quarantine classification and phylogenetic analysis based on bioinformatics is introduced and reviewed. The application of DNA technology in the classification and evolution of the genus Myrmeta is also discussed.