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建设工程领域的“背靠背”条款,通常是总承包商为了减小自身资金风险而在合同中设置的与分包商进行风险分担的一种条款。在法院审判实践中,倾向于将该条款的性质认定为附条件条款,而对于该条款的法律效力,尚存在一定的争议。本文认为将“背靠背”条款认定为附条件条款的做法有失偏颇,且该条款作为双方当事人意思自治的结果,应系合法有效。在此基础上,本文进一步论证了在合同无效的情况下,“背靠背”条款可能面临无法得到适用的法律后果。最后,从实务角度出发,分别从不同角度对总承包商和分包商提出了相关法律建议,以期能够加强双方对该条款的风险防范意识,从而减少纠纷和风险。
The term “back to back” in the field of construction engineering is usually a clause set by the general contractor in the contract to share risks with subcontractors in order to reduce the risk of its own funds. In the court trial practice, it is inclined to treat the nature of the clause as a conditional clause, and there is still some dispute about the legal effect of the clause. This article considers that the “back to back ” clause as a conditional clause is biased, and the clause as a result of the autonomy of the parties should be lawful and valid. On this basis, this article further demonstrates that in the case of the contract is invalid, “back to back ” clause may face the legal consequences can not be obtained. Finally, from a pragmatic point of view, we propose relevant legal suggestions to the general contractors and subcontractors from different perspectives, with a view to strengthening the awareness of the two sides on risk prevention and mitigation of disputes and risks.