音乐是艺术的一种,由于它与其他艺术的表现手段和表现方式的不同,形成了自己的特点:一是听觉艺术;二是时间艺术;三是诉诸情感的表演艺术。音乐教学必须掌握这三个特点,遵循音乐艺术的规律,才能使音乐在教学过程中充分发挥其教育作用。音乐是听觉艺术。教学中“发展听觉是最重要的事情”(舒蔓:《论音乐与音乐家》)。一个人的听觉应该具有听辨音高、节奏、力度、音色等基本音乐要素的能力,具有感知这些要素合成的主题、旋律、乐段、乐章等整体性音乐结构的能力,具有体验音乐作品的情感内涵和思想意境的能力。教学中应该从培养这些能力入手训练学生的听觉。如训练学生辨别音高的能力,可根据由易到难、循序渐进的原则进行听音记谱练习:低年级学生听记单音和简单的旋律(先是听老师唱 Music is a kind of art, because of its different means of expression and other forms of performance, formed its own characteristics: one is the auditory arts; the second is the art of time; the third is the appeal of the performing arts. Music teaching must master these three characteristics and follow the law of music art so that music can give full play to its educational role in the teaching process. Music is the art of hearing. Teaching in the “development of hearing is the most important thing” (Shu Man: “On music and musicians”). A person's hearing should have the ability to listen to essential musical elements such as pitch, rhythm, intensity and timbre, possess the ability to perceive the synthetical theme of these elements, melody, passage, movement and other holistic music structures, to have experience of musical compositions Emotional content and the ability of ideological mood. Teaching should be from training these abilities to start training students' hearing. Such as training students to distinguish the ability of pitch, according to the easy to difficult, step by step principle of listening transcription practice: junior students listen to simple notes and melodies (first listen to the teacher sing