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目的 :了解儿童首诊口腔疾病类型及影响因素。方法 :491例患儿首诊疾病分为 7大类 ,探讨牙列期、性别与首诊疾病类型的关系 ;了解少数民族和汉族家长文化层次对儿童口腔疾病首诊率的影响。结果 :因龋病而首诊的患儿以乳牙列早期为最多 ,因舌系带过短和感染首诊者以乳牙列后期最多 ,因乳牙滞留、牙颌畸形首诊者以替牙期最多 ,经卡方检验均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;因外伤和其他疾病首诊者 ,3个牙列期无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。性别方面 ,因外伤而首诊的患儿 ,男性多于女性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,因牙颌畸形而首诊的患儿 ,女性多于男性 (P <0 .0 5 )。家庭文化层次方面 ,家长为初中以下文化程度的患儿 ,汉族首诊率高于少数民族 (P <0 .0 1) ;家长为大专以上文化程度的患儿 ,少数民族首诊率高于汉族 (P <0 .0 1) ;家长为高中文化程度者 ,首诊率汉族和少数民族无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :不同牙列期 ,儿童首诊主要疾病类型不同 ,文化层次较低的少数民族应是口腔卫生宣教的重点对象
OBJECTIVE: To understand the type and influential factors of children's first diagnosis of oral diseases. Methods: 491 cases of primary disease were divided into 7 categories, to explore the dentition, sex and the first diagnosis of the relationship between the types of diseases; understand the cultural level of ethnic minorities and Han children on the first consultation rate of oral disease in children. Results: The first diagnosis of dental decay in children with early dentition is the largest, due to the tongue system is too short and the first diagnosis of infertility patients with the most late, due to deciduous teeth, the first diagnosis of dentition deformity in dentition period (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the three dentition stages because of the first diagnosis of trauma and other diseases (P> 0.05). In terms of sex, the number of males who were first diagnosed by trauma was more than that of females (P <0.05). There were more females than males (P <0.05). Family culture level, the parents of children with junior high school education, the first visit rate of Han is higher than that of ethnic minorities (P <0.01); parents of children with college education or above, the first visit rate of ethnic minorities is higher than Han (P <0.01). There was no significant difference between the Han nationality and ethnic minorities in the first visit of parents whose parents were of high school education (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In different dentition periods, children are the first major diseases of different types and ethnic minorities with lower cultural level should be the key target of oral health education