运用地图的基本技能的培养,是地理教学的重要任务之一。在中学地理教学中,运用地图的基本技能,大致可分成四个部分。第一部分是掌握有关地图的基本知識。明确地图上的方位、經緯綫和經緯度、比例尺、等高綫、等深綫、等溫綫、等压綫、等降水量綫等概念。根据方位或經緯度确定方向和位置;用比例尺量算距离;根据等高綫和分层設色識別地面的高低、地形类型、山脉走向和坡度的陡緩;用等溫綫、等压綫和等降水量綫确定各地气溫和气压的高低、降水量的大小。掌握常用的图例,記住图例的形象及其意义,并根据图例查閱一般行政地图和专題地图(如地形、气候、水分、植被、人口密度、民族、矿产、工农业、交通等地图)。識別几种常見的投影地图,初步了解这些不同投影地图的特点。第二部分是閱讀地图。利用地图,說出教材中所讲述的重要地理对象在地图上的位置和分布情况。在地图上找出教学大綱上所 The use of map basic skills training, geography teaching is one of the important tasks. In secondary school geography teaching, the basic skills of using maps can be roughly divided into four parts. The first part is to master the basics of the map. A clear map of the location, latitude and longitude lines and latitude and longitude, scale, contour lines, isobaths, isotherms, isobars, precipitation lines and other concepts. According to the location or latitude and longitude to determine the direction and location; using scale to measure the distance; according to the contour line and layered color to identify the level of the ground, terrain type, the steep slope and slope; with isotherms, isobars and so on Precipitation line to determine the level of temperature and pressure around the size of precipitation. Master commonly used illustrations, remember the image of the legend and its significance, and consult the general administrative maps and thematic maps (such as topography, climate, moisture, vegetation, population density, nationalities, minerals, industry and agriculture, transport and other maps) according to the legend. Identify several common projection maps, a preliminary understanding of these different projection map features. The second part is to read the map. Use the map to say where and how the important geographic objects described in the textbook are on the map. Find the syllabus on the map