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以转Bt抗虫水稻Bt63、R1、R2和非转基因常规水稻Ⅱ优838为试材,采用高、低两个不同虫害胁迫水平和转基因与非转基因水稻相间种植方式,通过观察水稻植株营养生长、结实以及对螟虫危害的抗性表现等差异,研究比较Bt外源基因插入后对水稻植株适合度的影响,以解转基因水稻的基因扩散效率和潜在生态风险。结果表明:在低虫害胁迫条件下,转Bt基因水稻在植株分蘖数、生物量鲜重等营养生长指标方面与非转基因对照品系间无明显差异,但株高、穗长、穗重等指标不及对照,且R2和Bt63与对照间差异显著;在高虫害胁迫条件下,3个转Bt基因水稻品系的分蘖数、穗长、穗重等指标明显高于对照。而不同转基因品系株高适合度效应不同,这可能与受体品系本身的特性相关。3种转基因水稻的单株结实粒数、千粒重与对照在两种虫害胁迫条件下均无显著性差异,Bt基因对受体植株的结实影响不明显。在高虫害胁迫条件下,3种转Bt基因水稻的抗虫能力均显著优于非转基因水稻,表明Bt基因对受体植株的抗虫性影响显著。本研究结果还表明转Bt基因水稻的适合度代价较小,预示了抗虫转基因水稻外源Bt基因在一定环境条件下具有逃逸的可能,但这种风险比较小。
The transgenic Bt63, R1, R2 transgenic rice and Ⅱyou838, a non-transgenic conventional rice, were used as experimental materials. Two high and low stress levels of pest and two kinds of transplanting and non- Sturdiness and resistance to stem borer resistance and other differences in the study of Bt foreign genes inserted after the compatibility of rice plants in order to solve the genetically modified rice gene transfer efficiency and potential ecological risk. The results showed that under low pest stress conditions, transgenic Bt rice had no significant difference in non-transgenic reference lines with respect to the indicators of vegetative growth such as tiller number and fresh weight of biomass, but the indexes such as plant height, spike length and panicle weight were not as good Control, and R2 and Bt63 significant difference between the control; under high pest stress conditions, three transgenic Bt rice lines tiller number, spike length, panicle weight and other indicators were significantly higher than the control. However, the high fitness effect of different transgenic lines is different, which may be related to the characteristics of the recipient strains themselves. There was no significant difference in grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight and the control between the three kinds of transgenic rice under the two pest stress conditions, while the Bt gene had no obvious effect on the seed setting of the recipient plants. Under high stress conditions, the resistance of three Bt transgenic rice plants was significantly better than that of non-transgenic rice, indicating that Bt gene had a significant impact on the insect resistance of the recipient plants. The results of this study also indicate that the suitability of transgenic Bt rice is less costly, which indicates that the exogenous Bt gene of insect-resistant transgenic rice may escape under certain environmental conditions, but the risk is relatively small.