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目的探讨孕期低水平铅暴露时胎盘组织中金属硫蛋白的定位与表达。方法从青岛市立医院2005年3月到2006年3月住院分娩的孕妇中随机选择血铅水平在1·5~4·8μmol/L之间的孕妇67例,其中35例血铅水平低于2·9μmol/L(A组),32例血铅水平高于2·9μmol/L(B组)。应用免疫组化链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶连接法检测两组胎盘组织中金属硫蛋白的定位与表达。结果(1)67例孕妇中血铅水平最高为4·7μmol/L,最低为1·6μmol/L。其中,A组孕妇血铅水平平均为(1·7±0·3)μmol/L;B组孕妇血铅水平平均为(3·1±0·4)μmol/L,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05)。(2)金属硫蛋白主要表达于细胞质中,在胎盘组织中的蜕膜细胞、滋养细胞及血管内皮细胞呈弥漫性或散在分布。(3)A、B组金属硫蛋白在胎盘组织中的阳性表达率分别为74%(26/35)和91%(29/32),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05)。(4)母体血铅水平与胎盘组织中金属硫蛋白的表达强度呈剂量-效应关系。结论血中低水平铅可诱导胎盘组织中金属硫蛋白的表达,并呈剂量-效应关系。金属硫蛋白主要定位于胎盘组织中的蜕膜细胞、滋养细胞及血管内皮细胞,提示对胎盘组织结构的完整性和功能发挥具有重要作用。
Objective To investigate the localization and expression of metallothionein in placenta during low level lead exposure during pregnancy. Methods Sixty-seven pregnant women with blood lead levels between 1.5 and 4.8 μmol / L were randomly selected from pregnant women hospitalized in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from March 2005 to March 2006, of which 35 had blood lead levels below 2 · 9μmol / L (group A), 32 cases of blood lead level higher than 2.9μmol / L (group B). The localization and expression of metallothionein in placenta were detected by immunohistochemical streptavidin-peroxidase ligation. Results (1) The highest level of blood lead in 67 pregnant women was 4.7 μmol / L and the lowest was 1.6 μmol / L. Among them, blood lead level in pregnant women in group A was (1.7 ± 0.3) μmol / L on average, while that in group B was (3.1 ± 0.4) μmol / L on average. There was significant difference between the two groups Statistical significance (P <0.05). (2) Metallothionein is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm, and the decidual cells, trophoblasts and vascular endothelial cells in the placenta are diffuse or scattered. (3) The positive expression rates of metallothionein in placenta of group A and group B were 74% (26/35) and 91% (29/32) respectively, there was significant difference between the two groups (P <0. 05). (4) The level of maternal blood lead and the expression intensity of metallothionein in placenta tissue showed a dose-effect relationship. Conclusion Low levels of lead in the blood can induce the expression of metallothionein in placenta and have dose-effect relationship. Metallothionein is mainly located in the placental tissue of the decidual cells, trophoblast cells and vascular endothelial cells, suggesting that the integrity of the placental tissue structure and function play an important role.