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本研究构建了汉语儿童(0~42个月)三词句的依存句法标注语料库,对依存类型、依存关系和平均依存距离等句法属性进行了定量分析。结果表明:支配词居中的平均依存距离为1的三词句最易习得,其他类型句子的平均依存距离为1.5,其习得难度随着依存结构的复杂程度不同而不同;谓语在各年龄段占比例最大,其次是宾语、主语和状语,定语和补语比较接近;儿童三词句中存在许多缺乏主语或宾语的非完整句;S-V-O是儿童三词句的主要句子结构模型;儿童三词句中,绝大部分句子符合汉语基本语序规则,有少量词序变动句和语序错误的句子。
In this study, a corpus of three-word sentence-dependent syntactic annotation in Chinese children (0-42 months) was constructed, and syntactic attributes such as dependency type, dependency and average dependence distance were quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the three sentences with the average dependent distance of 1 in the dictation Ci are the easiest to acquire, while the average dependence distance of other types of sentences is 1.5, the acquisition difficulty varies with the complexity of the dependent structure. SVO is the main sentence structure model of children’s three-word sentence. In children’s three-word sentence, there are many non-complete sentences lacking subject or object. Most of the sentences are in line with the basic rules of Chinese language order, there are a small number of word order change sentences and sentence order errors.