小儿急性感染或急性脑缺氧等原因引起的脑水肿,称“小儿急性脑水肿”。一、病因小儿急性脑水肿最常见的病因为严重感染合并毒血症(如中毒型肺炎、中毒型痢疾、败血症、流行性脑脊髓膜炎、流行性乙型脑炎等)。此外,严重肺部感染、哮喘病、窒息、溺水、溺粪、呼吸衰竭或持续性惊厥等所致急性脑缺氧,亦为小儿急性脑水肿的常见病因。二、病理与发病机理小儿急性脑水肿的发病机理尚未十分清楚,可用以下几种学说解释: (一)脑血管与血脑屏障通透性增加:小儿急性感染,细菌毒素、酸中毒与缺氧等作用,均可导致脑 Acute cerebral infection or acute cerebral ischemia caused by cerebral edema, called “acute cerebral edema in children.” First, the etiology The most common cause of acute cerebral edema in children with severe infection complicated with sepsis (such as poisoning pneumonia, poisoning dysentery, sepsis, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, Japanese encephalitis, etc.). In addition, acute lung injury caused by severe pulmonary infection, asthma, asphyxia, drowning, drowning manure, respiratory failure or persistent convulsions is also a common cause of acute cerebral edema in children. Pathology and pathogenesis The pathogenesis of acute cerebral edema in children is not yet clear, the following theories can be used to explain: (A) increased permeability of the cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier: acute infection in children, bacterial toxins, acidosis and hypoxia And so on, can lead to brain