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针对欧洲民族国家的多元性,哈贝马斯极力主张欧洲政治一体化,实现欧盟的“多元一体”。“多元一体”的基础不可能是狭隘的民族主义,而只能是具有包容或普适性的“宪法爱国主义”和民主。哈贝马斯在交往理性的基础上,构建了一个法律-集体认同-民主的模式,这个模式是一个可以相互利用的循环系统。即只有通过民主程序,制定出的法律才具有合法性;集体认同的基础是法律和民主,它们又塑造了集体认同;而只有在法律构建的制度和公民认同的共同体中民主才是可行的。
In view of the pluralism of the nation-state in Europe, Habermas strongly advocates the integration of European politics and the realization of the “pluralism” of the EU. The basis of “pluralism and integration” can not be narrow nationalism, but only “inclusive and universal” constitutional patriotism and democracy. On the basis of communicative rationality, Habermas constructs a law-collective identity-democracy model, which is a circulatory system that can be mutually used. That is to say, the laws formulated only through democratic procedures are legitimate. The foundation of collective identity is law and democracy, and they shape the collective identity. Democracy is only feasible in the legal construction system and the community recognized by citizens.