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为科学界定铁路建设项目生态影响评价范围,本文对目前实践中采用的评价范围进行了归纳,分析铁路建设项目对土地资源、生态系统结构和功能、植被、野生动物、风景名胜区和文物古迹、水土保持等主要生态要素的影响范围。现行铁路生态评价范围确定原则中存在不具针对性、缺乏实证研究、非敏感路段范围过大等问题。赣龙铁路和赣韶铁路采用不同评价范围的景观结构对比研究表明,过大的评价范围将淡化铁路工程生态影响。针对生态评价范围确定原则中存在的问题,应加强铁路生态影响实证研究;可分区段、分评价因子确定生态评价范围,缩小非敏感路段评价范围。
In order to scientifically define the scope of ecological impact assessment of railway construction projects, this paper summarizes the evaluation scope currently used in practice, and analyzes the impacts of railway construction projects on land resources, ecosystem structure and functions, vegetation, wildlife, scenic spots and historic sites, Maintain the impact of other major ecological elements. The existing principles of determining the scope of ecological assessment of railways are not specific, lack of empirical research, and the scope of non-sensitive road sections is too large. The comparative study on the landscape structure of Ganzhou-Gansu-Jiangxi and Gansu-Gansu-Shangrao that use different evaluation ranges shows that the scope of the assessment is too large, which will dilute the ecological impact of railway engineering. In view of the problems existing in the principle of determining the scope of ecological assessment, the empirical study of railway ecological impacts should be strengthened; the assessment scope of ecological zones can be determined by sub-zones and sub-evaluation factors, and the evaluation range of non-sensitive sections can be narrowed.