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摘 要:医疗废物焚烧法具备无害化彻底、减量化突出、适应性广、残渣性能稳定等特点,且不受规模限制,被国内外普遍采用。该研究主要对1套50 t/d(单条焚烧线)焚烧处理系统的工艺设计和运行效果进行了详细介绍与探讨,以期为同类型项目提供借鉴和参考。该系统相对于传统的医疗废物上料系统,其不仅整洁美观、操作便捷,更能有效地避免污染,该工艺组合系统在医疗废物焚烧处理领域属我国首创。建议今后在飞灰的收集和输送方面采取全过程密闭输送方式,可考虑电伴热气力输送双管互为备用的方式或其他行之有效的方法。
关键词:医疗废物 焚烧 处理系统 工艺设计
中图分类号:X799.5 文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-3791(2021)05(c)-0047-03
Design of medical waste incineration system
CHEN Yuexiang
(Guangdong living environment harmless treatment center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405 China)
Abstract: Medical waste incineration method is widely used at home and abroad because it has the characteristics of complete harmlessness, outstanding reduction, wide adaptability, stable residue performance, and is not limited by scale. This study discusses the process design and operation effect of a set of 50 t/d (single incineration line) incineration treatment system, and introduces in detail, so as to provide reference for similar projects. Compared with the traditional medical waste feeding system, the system is not only clean and beautiful, easy to operate, but also can effectively avoid pollution. The combined process system is the first in the field of medical waste incineration in China. It is suggested that the whole process closed conveying mode should be adopted in the collection and transportation of fly ash in the future, and the mode of electric heat tracing pneumatic conveying with two tubes as standby for each other or other effective methods should be considered.
Key Words: Medical waste;Incineration;Treatment system;Process design
1 工程背景概述
醫疗废物含有大量的病毒、细菌,对人体健康及生态环境具有极大的危害性,在《国家危险废物名录》中被明确列为危险废物。对医疗废物的处理方法有高温蒸汽处理法、微波消毒法、化学消毒法、等离子处理法、焚烧法等,其中以焚烧法和高温蒸汽处理法的应用最为广泛。根据HJ/T 276-2006医疗废物高温蒸汽集中处理工程技术规范(试行)规定,医疗废物高温蒸汽集中处理规模适宜在10 t/d以下。而焚烧法具备无害化彻底、减量化突出、适应性广、残渣性能稳定等特点,且不受规模限制,被国内外普遍采用[1]。近年来,我国先后颁布了GB 18484-2001危险废物焚烧污染控制标准及其征求意见稿、二次征求意见稿和GB 19218-2003医疗废物焚烧炉技术要求(试行),对医疗废物焚烧处置的设备和排放污染物做出了规定,进一步使医疗废物焚烧处置规范化。目前,我国许多城市已建成医疗废物集中处置设施,比如:沈阳、天津、上海、北京、广州、苏州、杭州、福州等大都运行良好,并在当地取得了较好的环保效应[2]。
广东生活环境无害化处理中心有限公司是广州唯一的医疗废物处置单位,刚建设了日处理18 t医疗废物的3焚烧炉烟气处理项目,后续随着医疗垃圾的增加,有必要考虑更大处理的能力的处理系统,该研究主要对1套50 t/d(单条焚烧线)焚烧处理系统的工艺设计和运行效果进行了详细介绍与探讨,以期为同类型项目提供借鉴和参考。
2 工艺流程
医疗废物是一种含有大量病原菌及有毒物质的特殊废物,同时医疗废物热值比生活垃圾大,其含水率变化也较大,最高达70%。医疗废物由多种有机物和无机物组成,物理、化学性质极其复杂,医疗废物中的有机可燃成分含量越高,含水率越低,则热值越高,越有利于焚烧处理。
关键词:医疗废物 焚烧 处理系统 工艺设计
中图分类号:X799.5 文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-3791(2021)05(c)-0047-03
Design of medical waste incineration system
CHEN Yuexiang
(Guangdong living environment harmless treatment center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405 China)
Abstract: Medical waste incineration method is widely used at home and abroad because it has the characteristics of complete harmlessness, outstanding reduction, wide adaptability, stable residue performance, and is not limited by scale. This study discusses the process design and operation effect of a set of 50 t/d (single incineration line) incineration treatment system, and introduces in detail, so as to provide reference for similar projects. Compared with the traditional medical waste feeding system, the system is not only clean and beautiful, easy to operate, but also can effectively avoid pollution. The combined process system is the first in the field of medical waste incineration in China. It is suggested that the whole process closed conveying mode should be adopted in the collection and transportation of fly ash in the future, and the mode of electric heat tracing pneumatic conveying with two tubes as standby for each other or other effective methods should be considered.
Key Words: Medical waste;Incineration;Treatment system;Process design
1 工程背景概述
醫疗废物含有大量的病毒、细菌,对人体健康及生态环境具有极大的危害性,在《国家危险废物名录》中被明确列为危险废物。对医疗废物的处理方法有高温蒸汽处理法、微波消毒法、化学消毒法、等离子处理法、焚烧法等,其中以焚烧法和高温蒸汽处理法的应用最为广泛。根据HJ/T 276-2006医疗废物高温蒸汽集中处理工程技术规范(试行)规定,医疗废物高温蒸汽集中处理规模适宜在10 t/d以下。而焚烧法具备无害化彻底、减量化突出、适应性广、残渣性能稳定等特点,且不受规模限制,被国内外普遍采用[1]。近年来,我国先后颁布了GB 18484-2001危险废物焚烧污染控制标准及其征求意见稿、二次征求意见稿和GB 19218-2003医疗废物焚烧炉技术要求(试行),对医疗废物焚烧处置的设备和排放污染物做出了规定,进一步使医疗废物焚烧处置规范化。目前,我国许多城市已建成医疗废物集中处置设施,比如:沈阳、天津、上海、北京、广州、苏州、杭州、福州等大都运行良好,并在当地取得了较好的环保效应[2]。
广东生活环境无害化处理中心有限公司是广州唯一的医疗废物处置单位,刚建设了日处理18 t医疗废物的3焚烧炉烟气处理项目,后续随着医疗垃圾的增加,有必要考虑更大处理的能力的处理系统,该研究主要对1套50 t/d(单条焚烧线)焚烧处理系统的工艺设计和运行效果进行了详细介绍与探讨,以期为同类型项目提供借鉴和参考。
2 工艺流程
医疗废物是一种含有大量病原菌及有毒物质的特殊废物,同时医疗废物热值比生活垃圾大,其含水率变化也较大,最高达70%。医疗废物由多种有机物和无机物组成,物理、化学性质极其复杂,医疗废物中的有机可燃成分含量越高,含水率越低,则热值越高,越有利于焚烧处理。