第五节肾功能衰竭及尿毒症一、概述由任何原因引起肾功能障碍,使体内环境发生紊乱,代谢产物不能充分地排出,从而导致水、电解质代谢和酸碱平衡紊乱以及肾脏内分泌功能障碍等一系列病理变化,称为肾功能衰竭或肾功能不全。根据发病的急缓和病程的长短,通常将肾功能衰竭分为急性肾功能衰竭和慢性肾功能衰竭两种。其发展最后阶段是尿毒症。二、急性肾功能衰竭 Section V Renal Failure and Uremia 1. Overview Renal dysfunction is caused by any cause that disrupts the environment in the body and metabolites are not adequately excreted resulting in disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism and acid-base balance as well as renal endocrine dysfunction A series of pathological changes, known as renal failure or renal insufficiency. According to the severity of the onset and duration of the disease, renal failure is usually divided into two kinds of acute renal failure and chronic renal failure. The final stage of its development is uremia. Second, acute renal failure