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教育、实业厅的创设是在中央权势日趋衰落、各省权势日益增强的背景下发生的。张勋复辟失败后,段祺瑞内阁对德奥宣战,在推行一系列集权措施无效后,转而以刷新内政为名,试图更动既存权力分配格局,重提创设教育、实业厅,藉此加强对各省行政的主导作用,但这不为各省行政长官所接受,纷纷以厅长人选、经费困难等为由进行抵制。双方在经过一番利益博弈之后,各有得失:政府在各省抗议下对教育、实业厅长人选等问题,或作调整,或作让步;各省基本认可了添设教育、实业厅。至1917年底,创建教育、实业厅在多数省份得以实现,并引起省官制的变动。
The establishment of education and industrial offices took place under the background of the declining power of the Central Government and the growing power of the provinces. After the failure of the restoration of Zhang Xun, Duan Qirui’s Cabinet declared war on Germany and, after a series of centralization measures were ineffective, turned to refurbishing the name of the interior administration in an attempt to change the pattern of distribution of existing powers and re-create the Education and Industrial Hall. However, this is not accepted by the chief executive of the provinces and they all boycott them on the basis of the candidates for director, difficulties in funding and so on. The two sides have their gains and losses after a series of profit-making games. The government has made adjustments or concessions to the education and industrial directors under the protest of the provinces. The provinces have basically approved the establishment of the Education and Industrial Hall. By the end of 1917, education was created and the Industrial Hall was realized in most provinces and caused changes in provincial government.