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目的了解上海市金山区小学生书包负重现状,为减少学生书包负荷提供理论依据。方法随机整群抽取金山区5所小学,再从5所小学中的每个年级随机抽取1个班级,抽中班级的所有学生参与调查。测量1周内周一和任一天早晨上学的书包总重、书包内所有书本重量、当日必备书本重量、水杯及饮水的重量。周五放学时测量学生离开教室时的书包总重及书包净重。学生体重数据由体检机构在该时段进行体检并提供。结果周一、任一天、周五学生书包平均总重为4.229,4.245,4.135 kg;不同上学日书包总重的超重率随年级增加而递减,一年级超重率超过90%,而五年级约为50%,且女生超重率明显大于男生(χ2值分别为9.101,15.003,18.457,P值均<0.05);每日书包重量必须组成部分约占书包总重的40%,其他书本资料、水杯及饮水、杂物约占60%;上放学书包直接负重于学生身上的比例约为37.0%,负重时间主要为0~10 min。结论金山区小学生书包负荷问题较严重。学校、家长应联合采取适当措施,切实减少书包不必要的重量对健康的影响。
Objective To understand the status quo of schoolbag load in primary school students in Jinshan District of Shanghai and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the bag load on students. Methods A total of 5 elementary schools in Jinshan District were randomly selected from a cluster. One class was randomly selected from each of the 5 primary schools, and all the students in the class were involved in the investigation. Measure the total weight of school bags, the weight of all the books in the bag, the book weight of the day, the weight of the glass and the drinking water on a Monday and any day in a week. Measure the total bag weight and school bag net weight when students leave the classroom on Friday. Student’s body weight data are provided by the medical institution during this period. Results The average total weight of student bags on any one day and Friday was 4.229, 4.245 and 4.135 kg. The overweight rate of the total weight of schoolbags on different school days decreased with the increase of grade. The overweight rate of the first grade exceeded 90% and the grade of the fifth grade was about 50 %, And girls overweight rate was significantly greater than boys (χ2 values were 9.101,15.003,18.457, P values were <0.05); daily bag weight must be composed of about 40% of the total bag, other books, cups and drinking water , Debris accounted for about 60%; school bag directly on the body weight ratio of about 37.0%, load time is mainly 0 ~ 10 min. Conclusion Jinshan pupils bag load problem is more serious. Schools and parents should jointly take appropriate measures to effectively reduce the health effects of unnecessary weight of school bags.