生态经济学是人类进行社会物质资料生产的实践发展到一定阶段后才提出的需要系统研究的理论经济学科。马克思曾经指出:劳动首先是人和自然之间的物质变换的过程”。这种“人和自然之间的物质变换”随着社会生产力的发展经历过不同的阶段。一般来讲,当人类赖以进行物质生产的自然资源相对来说比较充足的时候,人们往往认为这些资源是取之不尽的,用不着在考虑经济过程时考虑自然界的影响,同样,在经济系统排放到生态系统的污染物 Eco-economics is a theoretical and economical discipline which needs to be systematically studied after the practice of human’s material production of social materials has been developed to a certain stage. Marx once pointed out: “Labor first and foremost is the process of material transformation between man and nature.” This “material transformation between man and nature” has gone through different stages with the development of social productive forces. Generally speaking, When the natural resources for material production are relatively abundant, people often think that these resources are inexhaustible and do not need to consider the impact of nature when considering the economic process. Similarly, when the economic system discharges into the ecosystem, Things