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中学生学习物理时,他们往往具有一种趋向性与专注性的心理状态,即具有所谓单一章节、单一内容的单向思维定势。这种思维规律虽在学习过程中起到知识正向迁移的作用,但囿于思路陈规陋习,易造成学习“思维僵化”,较低的应变能力。因此在复习课中,需要因势利导、扬长避短,采取相应措施,克服单向思维定势,发展学生发散思维能力。 在复习课中,怎样才能有效地培养学生发散思维?笔者在教学实践中作了以下尝试。 一、打破章节顺序,采取变式教学将知识系统化。
When middle school students study physics, they tend to have a tendency to focus and focus on the state of mind, that is, with a single chapter, a single content of a one-way thinking set. Although this thinking law plays a role in the positive transfer of knowledge in the learning process, it is inconsistent with the thinking and stereotypes, which can easily lead to “hard thinking” and low resilience. Therefore, in the review class, it is necessary to take advantage of the situation, take advantage of weaknesses, and take appropriate measures to overcome one-way thinking and establish the students’ divergence thinking ability. In the review class, how can we effectively develop students’ divergence thinking? The author made the following attempts in teaching practice. First, breaking the order of chapters, adopting variant teaching to systematize knowledge.