材料可以从各种不同的角度进行分类。如从化学组成分类可以有金属、非金属和高分子材料,从材料状态上分类,可以分为单晶、多晶、非晶态和复合材料。从物理效应上进行分类,可以有压电、光电、热电、声光、磁光、激光等材料。另外也可以从用途上分类,如建筑、耐火、耐酸、电工、电子、光学、感光、包装、航空、航天等材料。近年来,有人索性把材料分成两大类:结构材料和功能材料,前者是指靠力学机械性能而得到发展的材料;后者是以物质的声、光、电、磁等各种物理性能 Materials can be categorized from a variety of perspectives. If the chemical composition of the classification can be metal, non-metallic and polymer materials, classified from the state of the material, can be divided into single crystal, polycrystalline, amorphous and composite materials. From the physical effects on the classification, there may be piezoelectric, optoelectronics, thermoelectric, acousto-optic, magneto-optical, laser and other materials. In addition, it can also be classified according to purposes, such as construction, fire-resistant, acid-proof, electrical, electronic, optical, light sensitive, packaging, aviation, aerospace and other materials. In recent years, some people have simply classified the materials into two categories: structural materials and functional materials, the former refers to materials that are developed by mechanical properties of mechanics; the latter is based on various physical properties such as sound, light, electricity and magnetism