背景炸药生产技术和科学研究的进展,要求炸药分析技术日益灵敏、准确、选择、再现和迅速,甚至自动化,因为各种分析技术早已成为生产过程控制和科研的有效工具。法律化学家和公安人员对炸药痕量分析的关心也与日俱增,尤其关心爆炸前和爆炸后的研究。为了查出隐藏的炸药(如信件、行李或邮包中携带的爆炸装置),已应用不同的分析方法制成各种检测器。法律化学家关心刑事罪犯爆炸破坏所用的爆炸物,应用分析技术根据爆炸后残留的炸药就可以确定是何种炸药。有明确的证据表明许多炸药对实验动物是致变和致癌的,显然许多芳香族硝基化合物和 Background The development of explosives production technology and scientific research requires explosives analysis techniques to be increasingly sensitive, accurate, selective, reproducible and rapid, and even automated, as various analytical techniques have long been effective tools for production process control and research. Law chemists and public security officials are also increasingly concerned about explosives trace analysis, with a particular focus on pre-explosion and post-explosion studies. In order to detect hidden explosives, such as explosives carried in letters, luggage or parcels, a variety of detectors have been developed using different analytical methods. Law chemists are concerned about the explosives used in the criminal detonation of explosives and the analytical techniques used to determine which explosives are based on the explosives that remain after the explosions. There is clear evidence that many explosives are mutagenic and carcinogenic to laboratory animals, and it is clear that many aromatic nitro compounds and