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抗生素相关性腹泻(antibiotic-associated diarrhea,AAD)是抗菌药物使用后最常见的不良反应,尤其是儿童。AAD会延长原发疾病的恢复时间、增加医疗费用,重者可引起死亡。儿科医师对AAD关注不够,现组织国内呼吸、感染和消化领域专家,制定本共识,以提高我国儿童AAD诊治及预防水平,保障儿童健康。“,”Antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD) is a frequent adverse effect of antibiotic in children.AAD is associated with longer hospitalization, higher healthcare cost and even lead to death.Pediatricians usually do not pay enough attention to AAD.Domestic experts from pulmonary medicine, infection and gastroenterology are organized to develop the consensus, to improve the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of AAD, and contribute the children health in future.