1904年,Donath和Landsteiner二氏在陣发性寒冷性血紅蛋白尿患者血清中发現自家溶血素;1907年,Chauffard和Widal二氏发現获得性溶血性貧血患者有自家紅細胞凝集素。直到近20年来,由于Wiener和Rose二氏对Rh血型的发現而提出了不完全抗体,自家免疫问题才被人重視。自家免疫作用在某些疾病中可能是主要的或次要的因素。最近Burnet氏提出,在临床上,如果具备以下四个条件,就应考虑为自家免疾性疾病: In 1904, Donath and Landsteiner II found hemolysin in the serum of patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria; in 1907, Chauffard and Widal’s second found that patients with acquired hemolytic anemia had their own hemagglutinin. Until almost 20 years, the problem of self-immunization was noticed because of the incomplete antibodies raised by Wiener and Rose’s discovery of Rh blood group. Spontaneous immunity may be a major or secondary factor in certain diseases. Burnet recently proposed that in clinical practice, if you have the following four conditions should be considered for their own disease-free disease: