血压测量的错误可来自病人内在的因素,或与测量器械、方法或测量者有关。以下几点应予注意: 一、尽可能地使被测量者恢复其基本状态,如使小儿宽慰,解除疑虑,并给以时间使他安静下来。二、细心检查测量器械有无毛病。三、水银柱必须保持垂直,测量者的眼睛应与水银液面同高。四、选用适当宽度的袖带,一般以相当上臂长的2/3为宜。潮红法多用5厘米者,但虽宽至9.5厘米对结果影响亦不大。五、不论用何种方法,袖带充气应快而排气要慢,排气速度以每秒2～5毫米汞柱为宜。听诊法仍为最常用者,婴儿常需用其他方法测量,包括潮红法、触诊法与示波器法。对住院病人后面这几种方法大多已被超声波测量法所代替。超声波测量法在监护间,手术室与新生儿室中应用已证明完全可靠,可以推广。其他形式的仪器或示波器均有商品供应,但大多价值昂贵,超声波装置尤然,所以潮红法虽不理想,仍为门诊实用的方法。 Errors in blood pressure measurement can come from the patient’s internal factors or can be related to a measurement instrument, method, or measurer. The following points should be noted: First, as much as possible to be surveyed to restore their basic state, such as the child relieved, dispel doubts, and to give him time to quiet down. Second, carefully check the measurement equipment without problems. Third, the mercury column must be kept vertical, measuring the eyes should be the same with the mercury level. Fourth, use the appropriate width of the cuff, usually in the upper arm length of 2/3 is appropriate. Flush method with 5 cm more, but although the width to 9.5 cm on the results are not significant. Fifth, no matter what method, cuff inflatable should be fast and exhaust slowly, exhaust speed of 2 ~ 5 mm Hg per second is appropriate. Auscultation is still the most common and infants often need to measure with other methods, including flushing, palpation and oscillometry. Most of the methods behind inpatients have been superseded by ultrasonic measurements. Ultrasound measurement in custody rooms, operating rooms and neonatal room applications have proved completely reliable and can be promoted. Other forms of instruments or oscilloscopes are commercially available, but most of them are expensive and the ultrasound devices are especially popular, so the flushing method is not ideal and is still a practical outpatient method.