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黄河下游为冲积平原河道,自孟津至河口全长850公里,三門峽水庫建成以前,通过干流陕县站(1919～1960年)的历年平均沙量达16亿吨,河床不断堆积抬高,形成“地上悬河”,两岸几乎全靠大堤約束。其中孟津至高村为游蕩性河段,全长約295公里,堤距达5～14公里,河槽寬度約1～2.5公里,比降2.03～1.72‰,河床寬浅、沙洲众多、水流散乱、河床細沙松散、主流摆动頻繁,河势极不稳定。高村至前左河段全长490公里,堤距縮窄到0.5～6.0公里,河梢寬度約0.27～1.6公里,比降1.48～1.04‰;
The lower reaches of the Yellow River are alluvial plains, with a total length of 850 km from Mengjin to the estuary. Before the completion of the Sanmenxia Reservoir, the average annual sediment volume of Shanshan Station (1919 ~ 1960) reached 1.6 billion tons and the riverbed kept accumulating and rising to form the “ Hanging over the river ”, the two sides almost entirely by the embankment constraints. Among them, Mengjin-Gaocun is a swirling river with a total length of 295 kilometers and a dike span of 5 to 14 kilometers. The width of the river channel is about 1 to 2.5 kilometers, with a drop of 2.03 to 1.72 ‰. The riverbed is shallow and shallow with numerous sandbanks, Sand loose loose, the mainstream swing frequently, the river is extremely unstable. The width of the left bank of the village to the former 490 km, the dike narrowed to 0.5 to 6.0 km, the width of the river about 0.27 ~ 1.6 km, a drop of 1.48 ~ 1.04 ‰;