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过去十几年从酵母和哺乳动物中鉴定出6类组蛋白乙酰化酶(HATs)和4类组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)。HATs和HDACs分别与基因转录的活化和抑制有关。胚胎早期组蛋白乙酰化阶段性分布与合子基因组的转录调节有关,组蛋白去乙酰化引起的转录抑制状态对早期胚胎发育至关重要。应用基因敲除/基因敲入HATs/HDACs方法建立的小鼠胚胎模型死于胚胎期或出现某些器官形态发育及功能异常。不同的HATs/HDACs对胚胎特定器官形成必不可少,与某些先天性疾病的发生密切相关。
Category 6 histone acetylases (HATs) and class 4 histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been identified from yeasts and mammals over the past decade. HATs and HDACs are related to the activation and inhibition of gene transcription, respectively. The early stage histone acetylation in embryos is related to the transcriptional regulation of the zygotic genome, and the transcriptional repression induced by histone deacetylation is crucial for early embryonic development. The mouse embryo model established by gene knockout / gene knock-in HATs / HDACs method died in the embryonic stage or some organ morphological development and dysfunction occurred. Different HATs / HDACs are essential for the formation of specific embryonic organs and are closely related to the occurrence of certain congenital diseases.