初中数学教材第一册第一章“有理数”的教学,是在小学学习正整数、正分数(包括正小数)的基础上,把数的概念扩充到有理数的范围,进而揭示有理数运算的规律,是初等数学最基本的运算基础。为了帮助学生建立有理数概念,理解负数的意义,在“有理数的意义”的教学中,我注意了以下五点: The first chapter of the junior high school mathematics teaching material, “rational number” teaching, is based on the learning of positive integers and positive fractions (including positive decimal numbers) in elementary schools. It expands the concept of numbers into the range of rational numbers, and then reveals the laws of rational numbers. It is the basic operation of elementary mathematics. In order to help students establish the concept of rational numbers and understand the meaning of negative numbers, I have paid attention to the following five points in the teaching of the meaning of “rational numbers”: