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一、什么是进化生态学?顾名思义,进化生态学有两个组成部分——进化论与生态科学。生态学研究“有机体与一切影响它们或为它们所影响的生物和物质因素之间的关系”,换言之,即有机体(或其所属种群)与其环境之间的相互作用。在此定义中包含的是生态学与进化论之间的联系。进化最初是通过自然选择的机制在个体中进行,随即一定的特征在某一种群中愈加普遍。因为在此种群的环境背景中,这些特征给它们的所有者在为生存与再生的竞争中以一定优势,所以,在进化过程中决定性的因素便是一个生态学因素,即有机体与其环境间的“适应”。
First, what is evolutionary ecology? As the name suggests, there are two components of evolutionary ecology - evolution and ecology. Ecology studies “the relationship of organisms to all biological and material factors that affect or affect them”, in other words, the interaction between an organism (or its associated population) and its environment. Included in this definition is the link between ecology and evolutionism. Evolution was initially carried out in individuals through a mechanism of natural selection, and then certain features became more prevalent in a certain population. Because these traits give their owners some advantage in their competition for survival and regeneration in the environmental context of this population, the decisive factor in the evolutionary process is an ecological factor, the relationship between the organism and its environment “adapt”.