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目的探讨500例哮喘患儿主要过敏原及干预效果。方法随机选取2012年3月至2015年3月间上海市奉贤区奉城医院收治的500例哮喘患儿,其中男287例(57.4%),女213例(42.6%);年龄3~14岁,平均年龄为(6.5±2.3)岁。采用体外检测免疫印迹方法对所有的研究对象进行过敏原检查,通过干预治疗后对治疗的效果进行分析研究。结果≤5岁哮喘患儿的TIg E浓度高于>5岁哮喘患儿,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。哮喘患儿的吸入性过敏原主要是屋尘螨、粉尘螨及屋尘等,食入性过敏原主要是牛奶、鸡蛋清/蛋等。≤5岁哮喘患儿食入性过敏原及牛奶的阳性率均高于>5岁哮喘患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其它过敏原的阳性率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≤5岁和>5岁哮喘患儿特异性过敏原种类对此,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。≤5岁哮喘患儿干预前后年症状减少天数小于>5岁哮喘患儿,差异有统计学意义(P=0.024)。结论哮喘患儿吸入性过敏原以屋尘螨、粉尘螨和屋尘为主,食入性过敏原以牛奶、鸡蛋清/蛋为主;≤5岁哮喘患儿的食入性过敏原比>5岁哮喘患儿常见;≤5岁哮喘患儿干预治疗后的效果优于>5岁哮喘患儿。
Objective To investigate the main allergens in 500 asthmatic children and the intervention effect. Methods A total of 500 asthmatic children were enrolled from March 2012 to March 2015 in Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai. Among them, 287 (57.4%) were male and 213 (42.6%) were female, ranging in age from 3 to 14 years , The average age was (6.5 ± 2.3) years old. In vitro detection of immunoblotting method for all subjects allergen examination, after treatment interventions to analyze the effect of treatment. Results The concentration of TIg E in asthmatic children ≤5 years old was higher than that of asthmatic children aged> 5 years (P <0.05). Inhaled allergens in asthmatic children are mainly house dust mites, dust mites and house dust, etc., and ingestion allergens are mainly milk, egg white / egg and the like. The positive rates of in-feed allergens and milk in asthmatic children ≤5 years old were significantly higher than those of asthmatic children aged> 5 years (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rates of other allergens (P> 0.05). Specific allergen types in asthmatic children ≤5 years old and> 5 years old had statistically significant differences (P <0.05). Children with asthma ≤ 5 years before and after treatment had fewer symptoms than those aged> 5 years before treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.024). Conclusions Inhaled allergens in asthmatic children are mainly house dust mite, dust mite and house dust. Infectious allergens are mainly milk and egg white / egg; children with asthma less than 5 years old have more than 4% 5-year-old children with asthma are common; children aged ≤ 5-year intervention after asthma treatment is better than> 5-year-old asthmatic children.