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异戊二烯主要用于生产合成橡胶,还用于生产多种精细化工品及黏合剂和润滑剂。目前异戊二烯完全由石化原料生产。随着全球气候变暖和化石资源的日益短缺,构建以廉价生物质或CO2为原料的异戊二烯生物法合成线路已引起研究者的极大关注。中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所杨琛课题组在蓝细菌中构建异戊二烯合成途径,利用代谢流量分析和代谢组学分析指导蓝细菌中异戊二烯合成途径的设计和改造,通过循环鉴定合成途径限速步骤和解除限速步骤,逐步提高异戊二烯合成途径的代谢通量,最终经过一系列改造后获得的工程菌可将光合作用所固定的碳的40%用于异戊二烯的合成,产量高达1.26 g/L。除了高效合成异戊二烯,该研究所构建的工程菌还可以作为平台,构建光合自养细胞工厂,合成各种萜类化合物。
Isoprene is mainly used in the production of synthetic rubber, but also in the production of a wide range of fine chemicals and adhesives and lubricants. At present, isoprene is completely produced from petrochemical raw materials. With the global warming and the shortage of fossil resources, the biosynthesis of isoprene with cheap biomass or CO2 as raw materials has attracted great attention of researchers. Yang Chen, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), established the isoprene synthesis pathway in cyanobacteria. The design and modification of isoprene synthesis pathway in cyanobacteria were guided by metabolic flux analysis and metabonomics analysis. The rate-limiting step of the synthesis pathway and the rate-limiting step were identified, and the metabolic flux of the isoprene synthesis pathway was gradually increased. Finally, a series of engineered bacteria obtained after the modification could use 40% of the carbon immobilized by photosynthesis for isoamyl Diene synthesis, the yield of up to 1.26 g / L. In addition to efficiently synthesizing isoprene, the engineered bacteria constructed in this study can serve as a platform for the construction of photosynthetic autotrophic cell factories for the synthesis of various terpenoids.