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本文针对我国目前灾情直报、灾情核查评估、灾害应急响应、遥感影像地面解译等重大灾害现场应急工作需求,提出了一种面向任务的移动灾情快速采集直报技术,并以这种技术的业务化应用为目标,详细阐述了自然灾害移动信息平台的整体建设方案。该技术以现场灾情采集工作图层为载体,以现场工作任务规划为核心,系统解决了现场灾情采集工作中多元灾情信息的一体化采集、快速集成、即时上报、实时监控、团队协作等技术难题。相对于目前广泛采用的“卫星定位+底图标绘+移动通信”技术模式,该技术具有4个方面的优势:灵活兼容任何现场灾情信息采集任务;避免了卫星导航系统定位精度不高导致的大量后期数据处理工作;实现了多元灾情信息的一体化采集与快速上报;能够支持多个现场小组协同工作。该技术开发的自然灾害移动信息平台,由终端子系统、后方服务子系统和支撑数据库组成,能够依托智能移动终端设备提供现场多元灾情数据的一体化采集、快速上报、实时在线集成、快速共享等功能。该技术应用于青海玉树地震结古镇倒房评估,现场评估工作组利用4台移动终端在3天内完成了685个斑块房屋倒损程度、房屋间数、单位造价、户数及人口等灾情指标的调查统计,采集的数据可直接用于数据分析,辅助决策支持。
In this paper, a task-oriented mobile disaster recovery and direct reporting technology is put forward in response to the current emergency work requirements of major disasters in China, such as disaster direct reports, disaster verification and assessment, disaster emergency response and remote sensing image ground interpretation. Based on this technology Business applications as the goal, elaborated the overall construction plan of the natural disaster mobile information platform. The technology takes the working layer of disaster collection as the carrier and the field work assignment planning as the core, which systematically solves the technical problems of integrated collection, rapid integration, real-time reporting, real-time monitoring, teamwork and other technical problems in the field disaster collection work . Relative to the currently widely used “satellite positioning + bottom icon painted + mobile communications” technology model, the technology has four advantages: flexible and compatible with any site disaster information collection tasks; to avoid the positioning accuracy of satellite navigation system is not high led A large number of post-data processing; to achieve the integration of multiple disaster information collection and rapid reporting; can support multiple field teams work together. The natural disaster mobile information platform developed by this technology is composed of a terminal subsystem, a back-end service subsystem and a support database, and can provide integrated collection, rapid reporting, real-time online integration, fast sharing, etc. of multiple disaster data on the scene by relying on the intelligent mobile terminal device Features. The technology was applied to the evaluation of the ancient town of Yushu, Qinghai. The site assessment team used 4 sets of mobile terminals to complete the disaster degree of 685 plaques, the number of houses, the unit cost, the number of households and the population in 3 days The survey statistics, collected data can be used directly for data analysis, support decision-making support.