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〔关键词〕 中学英语语法教学；宾语补足语；
用法
〔中图分类号〕 G6３3.41
〔文献标识码〕 C
〔文章编号〕 1004—0463（2012）
12—00８１—０1
英语中某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。常见的宾语补足语有八种形式：
1.许多动词可跟“宾语 + to do…”构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语；否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do…”。例如：My boss told me to type out two letters.
句中“My boss”作主语，“told”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子：
They forbade her to leave the country.
Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.
2.有些动词可跟“宾语+to be…”构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：I consider him to be the best candidate.
句中“I”做主语，“consider”作谓语，“him”作宾语，“to be the best candidate”作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子：
I know him to be a liar.
I suppose him to be away from home.
3.有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带“to”的不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：He saw her enter the room.
句中“He”做主语，“saw”作谓语，“her”作宾语，“enter the room”作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子：
She won't let me do it.
I heard her lock the door.
We watched the children play games.
这类句子变为被动结构时，不定式前加“to”。请看下列句子，句中最后的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：A child was seen to enter the building. She was often heard to sing this song.
4.“help”后的不定式可加“to”，也可不加“to”，但被动结构中要加to。例如：I'll help you(to) push the cart.句中“I”做主语，“will help”作谓语，“you”作宾语，句中最后的不定式作宾语补足语。上句的被动语态为：You'll be helped to push the cart.
5.有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：He shouted to me to come over.句中“He”做主语，“shouted”作谓语，“to”为介词，“me”作宾语，最后一个不定式作宾语补足语。
6.作宾语补足语的不定式，如果表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生，就需要用完成形式：He was known to have worked for the International Olympic Committee.句中“He”做主语，“was known”作谓语，使用了被动语态。由句意可知，“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前，“大家知道”发生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式，在句中作宾语补足语。
7.作宾语补足语的不定式，表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式：He is believed to be living in Mexico.句中“He”做主语，“is believed”作谓语，使用了被动语态。由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况，故用不定式的进行形式，句中不定式作宾语补足语。请看下列句子：
Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.
He is thought to be hiding in the woods.
间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。例如：She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years.
8.不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式：He didn't want her son to be taken away.句中“She”做主语，“didn't want”作谓语，“her son”作宾语，由于“her son”与“take away”之间为被动关系，故用被动形式，句中不定式作宾语补足语。请看下列句子：
I'd like this room to be redecorated.
He didn't wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter.
编辑：杨慧芳
用法
〔中图分类号〕 G6３3.41
〔文献标识码〕 C
〔文章编号〕 1004—0463（2012）
12—00８１—０1
英语中某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。常见的宾语补足语有八种形式：
1.许多动词可跟“宾语 + to do…”构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语；否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do…”。例如：My boss told me to type out two letters.
句中“My boss”作主语，“told”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子：
They forbade her to leave the country.
Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.
2.有些动词可跟“宾语+to be…”构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：I consider him to be the best candidate.
句中“I”做主语，“consider”作谓语，“him”作宾语，“to be the best candidate”作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子：
I know him to be a liar.
I suppose him to be away from home.
3.有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带“to”的不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：He saw her enter the room.
句中“He”做主语，“saw”作谓语，“her”作宾语，“enter the room”作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子：
She won't let me do it.
I heard her lock the door.
We watched the children play games.
这类句子变为被动结构时，不定式前加“to”。请看下列句子，句中最后的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：A child was seen to enter the building. She was often heard to sing this song.
4.“help”后的不定式可加“to”，也可不加“to”，但被动结构中要加to。例如：I'll help you(to) push the cart.句中“I”做主语，“will help”作谓语，“you”作宾语，句中最后的不定式作宾语补足语。上句的被动语态为：You'll be helped to push the cart.
5.有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：He shouted to me to come over.句中“He”做主语，“shouted”作谓语，“to”为介词，“me”作宾语，最后一个不定式作宾语补足语。
6.作宾语补足语的不定式，如果表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生，就需要用完成形式：He was known to have worked for the International Olympic Committee.句中“He”做主语，“was known”作谓语，使用了被动语态。由句意可知，“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前，“大家知道”发生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式，在句中作宾语补足语。
7.作宾语补足语的不定式，表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式：He is believed to be living in Mexico.句中“He”做主语，“is believed”作谓语，使用了被动语态。由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况，故用不定式的进行形式，句中不定式作宾语补足语。请看下列句子：
Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.
He is thought to be hiding in the woods.
间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。例如：She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years.
8.不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式：He didn't want her son to be taken away.句中“She”做主语，“didn't want”作谓语，“her son”作宾语，由于“her son”与“take away”之间为被动关系，故用被动形式，句中不定式作宾语补足语。请看下列句子：
I'd like this room to be redecorated.
He didn't wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter.
编辑：杨慧芳