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目的按不同过敏原类型对支气管哮喘儿童分组,并检测分析多个免疫指标,探讨不同类型过敏原对儿童哮喘的影响。方法选取支气管哮喘儿童136例为研究对象,健康儿童40例为健康对照,检测总IgE抗体、特异性IgE抗体、CD4+CD25+T细胞、IL-10、TGF-β1等免疫指标。结果儿童过敏性哮喘以吸入性过敏原为主,且食入性过敏原引发哮喘的年龄小于吸入性的。哮喘儿童的TGF-β1水平高于健康儿童的,而CD4+CD25+T细胞占总CD4+T细胞百分比、IL-10水平低于对照儿童,其中以吸入性过敏原组下降最为明显。结论 TGF-β1的表达上调,CD4+CD25+T细胞、IL-10的数量和表达下调,会导致机体对炎症反应的抑制减弱,促进哮喘的发生发展。吸入性过敏原致敏更易影响哮喘儿童免疫功能的改变,在防治中应重点关注。
Objective To classify children with bronchial asthma by different types of allergens, and to detect and analyze multiple immune indexes to explore the effects of different types of allergens on asthma in children. Methods Thirty-six children with bronchial asthma were enrolled in this study. Forty healthy children were selected as healthy controls. Total IgE antibody, specific IgE antibody, CD4 + CD25 + T cells, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were detected. Results Allergic asthma in children with inhaled allergens, and food-borne allergen-induced asthma younger than inhaled. The levels of TGF-β1 in asthmatic children were higher than those in healthy children, while the percentage of CD4 + CD25 + T cells in total CD4 + T cells was lower than that in control children, especially in inhaled allergens group. Conclusion The up-regulated expression of TGF-β1, the down-regulation of the number and the expression of CD4 + CD25 + T cells and IL-10 will lead to the weakened inhibition of the inflammatory response and the promotion of the development of asthma. Inhalation allergen sensitization more likely to affect the immune function of asthmatic children changes in prevention and treatment should focus on.