中国经济“增长奇迹”源于多种因素,“人口红利”是其中重要的因素之一。当前,我国的人口红利主要表现为较高的劳动人口比例和劳动力配置效率,但人口红利并非可持续的。长期来看,随着我国人口出生率下降和人口老龄化的加剧,劳动参与率将下降,人口红利效应在逐渐失去。因此,提高劳动力素质,实现经济发展方式的根本转变以寻找人口红利效应的替代动力是实现我国经济可持续发展的重要措施。 China’s economy “growth miracle ” comes from many factors, “demographic bonus ” is one of the important factors. At present, the demographic dividends in our country are mainly manifested in the higher proportion of working population and the efficiency of labor force allocation, but the demographic dividend is not sustainable. In the long run, as China’s population birth rate declines and the population ages, the labor force participation rate will decline and the demographic dividend effect will gradually be lost. Therefore, to improve the quality of the labor force and realize the fundamental change of the mode of economic development in order to find the alternative power of the demographic dividend effect is an important measure to realize the sustainable development of our economy.