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保护刑事被害人的合法权益及刑事被害人国家救助制度的建立已日渐引起关注。公诉案件中的被害人应被定位为特殊的诉讼参与人,而不应当是当事人或普通的诉讼参与人;一定范围内的程序启动权和广泛的程序参与权与知情权是被害人应当享有的权利;加强被害人的程序参与权应当是加强被害人权利保护的重点;刑事诉讼法应当增加对被害人程序参与权利的规定和保障。刑事被害补偿作为国家对遭受犯罪行为侵害而得不到民事赔偿的被害人进行补偿的一种救济制度,必须有法定的构成要件,被害人过错是刑事被害补偿法定的构成要件之一。要在保障被害人自愿性的基础上,通过对公诉与自诉转化、刑事附带民事诉讼、刑事协商、法律援助、刑事补偿等相关制度的探讨,来深化对被害人司法救济制度的系统研究,为我国建立切实高效的保障刑事被害人权利系统提供参考。
The protection of the legitimate rights and interests of criminal victims and the establishment of a national aid system for criminal victims have drawn increasing attention. Victims in public prosecution cases should be positioned as special litigators instead of litigants or ordinary litigants. Within a certain range, procedural activation rights and a wide range of procedural rights of participation and information are the rights that victims should have; To strengthen victim participation in procedural law should be the focus of protection of victim’s rights. Criminal procedural law should increase the provisions and protection of victims’ rights to participate in the proceedings. Compensation as a kind of relief system for the state to compensate victims who have not been subjected to criminal acts for infringement of crimes must have statutory constitutional requirements. The victim’s fault is one of the components of legal compensation for criminal victims. On the basis of guaranteeing the voluntary nature of victims, we should deepen the systematic study of the judicial relief system for victims and establish a system for our country through the discussion of relevant systems such as the conversion of public prosecutors and private prosecutions, criminal incidental civil actions, criminal consultation, legal aid and criminal compensation Effective and effective protection of criminal victims of the system of rights as a reference.