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备课是教师必须具备的基本功。备课的目的是为了使教学工作有目的、有计划地进行,它是上好课的基础和前提。要备好课,首先要“吃透两头”,即上面“吃透”教学大纲和教材,亦称备大纲和备教材,下面了解学生,亦称备学生,其次是研究如何制定和实施教学方案,把知识更好地传授给学生,同时培养学生必要的能力,即备教案、备教法、备教学用具等。 (一)认真钻研教学大纲(备大纲) 生物学教学大纲是指导生物学教学的纲领性文件,是进行生物学教学、考试、教学质量评估和教材编写的依据。它以纲要的形式具体地规定了生物学科的基础知识和基本技能的范围和深度,如现行大纲说明第一项的(一)和(三)两部分,规定了中学各个阶段生物学知识的体系及结构;大纲说明的第三项,说明了“教学内容的安排”;大纲说明第一项的(二)
Lesson preparation is the basic skills teachers must have. The purpose of lesson preparation is to make the teaching work purposeful and planned, which is the foundation and premise of a good lesson. To prepare the class, we must first “eat through both ends,” that is, “eat through” the above syllabus and textbook, also known as the outline and prepare teaching materials, the following understanding of students, also known as prepare students, followed by study how to develop and implement teaching programs, Knowledge is better taught to students, while developing the necessary skills of students, that is, preparing teaching plans, teaching methods, teaching aids and so on. (A) serious study Syllabus (Syllabus) Biology Syllabus is to guide the teaching of biology programmatic documents, biology teaching, examinations, teaching quality assessment and textbooks based on. In the form of an outline, it specifies the scope and depth of the basic knowledge and basic skills of biology. For example, items 1 and 3 of the first outline of the current outline specify a system of biological knowledge in all stages of secondary education And structure; the outline description of the third, describes the “teaching content arrangements”; Outline Description of the first (b)