同伴地位包括社会接受度和社会地位。前者指其他儿童对某个儿童的喜爱程度和态度;后者则是儿童的社会身份或与同伴的友谊关系。二者分别通过两种社会测量技术得以测量,同伴排名技术可用于测量儿童的社会接受度;同伴提名技术可用于测量儿童的社会地位。本文介绍了过往逾三十年的研究中,同伴提名和同伴排名社会测量方法的效用与局限,并针对其局限性分别讨论了可能的解决方法。 Peer status includes social acceptance and social status. The former refers to the degree and attitude of other children to a child; the latter is the child’s social status or friendship with his peers. The two are measured separately by two social measurement techniques, peer ranking techniques can be used to measure children’s social acceptance, and peer nomination techniques can be used to measure children’s social status. This article describes the utility and limitations of peer-nominated and peer-ranked social measurements over the past thirty years of research and discusses possible solutions for each of their limitations.