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为了进一步从理论上和实践上弄清工业生产中有害物质对人体的危害,加强职业病的防治工作,在党组织和广大工农兵群众的领导和帮助下,去年笔者有机会参加了某厂职业病调查。发现固体砷及其化合物对五官组织有一定损害。现将调查情况报告如下,以供在群防,群治时参考。一、砷和砷化合物的一般特性砷有几种同素异构体,最常见的是灰砷(晶体的金属砷),其它有黄砷(结晶形)和黑砷(无定形)。在自然界很少有元素砷存在,大多与硫结合混杂于铅、银、铜、锑、铁等矿石中。元素砷不溶于水,故无毒,但在空气中极易氧化成为三氧化二砷(砒霜)产生剧毒。砷的盐类,有机化合物及氧化物均有剧毒。砷密度为5.73,升华点为615℃,在38.3大气压条件下熔点为817°-818℃。
In order to further clarify the harmfulness of harmful substances to the human body in industrial production and strengthen prevention and control of occupational diseases in theory and in practice, under the leadership and help of the mass organizations of the party, the masses of workers, peasants and soldiers, last year, the author had the opportunity to participate in the investigation of occupational diseases in a factory . Found that solid arsenic and its compounds on the facial tissues have some damage. Now report the investigation as follows, for the group defense, group governance reference. First, the general characteristics of arsenic and arsenic arsenic has several allotropes, the most common is gray arsenic (crystalline metal arsenic), the other yellow arsenic (crystalline) and black arsenic (amorphous). Few elements in the existence of arsenic in nature, mostly mixed with sulfur mixed in lead, silver, copper, antimony, iron and other minerals. Elemental arsenic is insoluble in water, so it is non-toxic, but extremely easily oxidized in air to become arsenic trioxide (arsenic trioxide) and is highly toxic. Arsenic salts, organic compounds and oxides are highly toxic. The arsenic density was 5.73, the sublimation point was 615 ° C, and the melting point was 817 ° -818 ° C at 38.3 atm.