几种苛刻海洋大气环境下的海工材料腐蚀机制

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以南极低温高辐照冰雪凝-融环境、南海高温高湿高盐雾环境以及滨海氯-霾耦合环境3种典型环境为研究对象,开展了典型海工材料的腐蚀行为研究.结果 表明,南极低温环境下冰层、雪层覆盖下电化学腐蚀过程依然可以发生,冰雪凝-融过程导致液膜长周期存在促进了腐蚀的进行且加速局部腐蚀.南海高温高湿高盐雾环境下有色金属材料表面存在化学氧化和电化学腐蚀协同作用机制,不同铝合金的局部腐蚀萌生扩展驱动力不同(即扩散与电荷转移、氢致沿晶裂纹、腐蚀产物楔入效应),表面润湿时间和C1-协同作用导致腐蚀动力学偏离幂函数规律.滨海氯-霾耦合环境下NH4+加速腐蚀的关键控制因素为缓冲效应导致的持续供H+,C1-、NH[、NO3-协同作用下镁合金发生“类自催化点蚀”.
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