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美国在20年前,个人卫生保健费用的50%以上是由病人本人直接支付的。这是卫生保健的定量分配。例如在实施老年医疗保险制度之前,65岁以上的城市居民的外科手术率,1963年收入低于平均收入的人,为66‰,收入高于平均收入的人为86%。而实施老年医疗保险制度则明显地改变了这种分配。到1970年,低于平均收入的人的手术率上升到85‰,而高于平均收入的人的手术率降至80‰。
In the United States 20 years ago, more than 50% of personal health care costs were paid directly by patients themselves. This is a quantitative allocation of health care. For example, before the implementation of the old-age medical insurance system, the surgical rate of urban residents over the age of 65 was 66 per 1,000 people whose income was lower than the average income in 1963, and 86 per cent higher than the average income. The implementation of the elderly medical insurance system has clearly changed this distribution. By 1970, the rate of surgery for those below average income had risen to 85 per 1,000, while the rate of surgery for those above average income had dropped to 80 per 1,000.