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目的:探讨孕前BMI及孕期增重对妇女产后2年体重变化的影响。方法:采用历史-前瞻性队列研究设计,选择合肥市某区妇幼保健站进行产后42天体检的418例妇女为研究人群并建立观察队列,采用问卷调查和查阅孕产妇管理档案的方法收集基线资料,于产后42天及6月、12月、18月、24月对其进行连续性随访观察各时点的体重值。结果:418例产妇产后42天、6月、12月、18月、24月恢复至孕前体重率分别为7.42%、15.38%、32.58%、24.89%、27.97%。孕前BMI各组(<18.5kg/m2组,18.5kg/m2≤BMI<24kg/m2组,≥24kg/m2组)产后各时点比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕期增重3组(孕期增重较少组、孕期增重适中组和孕期增重较多组)妇女产后42天、18月和24月体重变化值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:孕前BMI、孕期增重影响产后2年体重的变化,根据孕前BMI将孕期增重控制在合理范围内可有效促进妇女产后体重恢复到孕前水平并控制远期肥胖的发生。
Objective: To investigate the influence of pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy on weight changes of women during the second year after delivery. Methods: According to the historical-prospective cohort study design, 418 women who took postpartum physical examination at 42 days postpartum were selected from a district of Hefei for study population and observation cohort. The baseline data were collected by questionnaire survey and maternal management archives , 42 days postpartum and June, December, 18, 24 months of continuous follow-up observation of body weight at each time point. Results: The body weight of 418 maternal postnatal days 42, June, December, 18, and 24 were 7.42%, 15.38%, 32.58%, 24.89% and 27.97%, respectively. Pre-pregnancy BMI in each group (<18.5kg / m2 group, 18.5kg / m2≤BMI <24kg / m2 group, ≥24kg / m2 group) postpartum postpartum time comparison, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The body weight changes of women in postpartum 42 days, 18 months and 24 months after birth were significantly different (P <0.01, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: BMI before pregnancy and weight gain during pregnancy affect body weight changes during the first 2 years of life. Prenatal BMI will control the weight gain within a reasonable range during pregnancy, which can effectively promote women’s postpartum weight recovery to pre-pregnancy levels and control long-term obesity.