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摘 要：近年来灌区水资源短缺现象频发，为定量分析人民胜利渠灌区气候变化特征，利用数理统计、Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、气候倾向率和标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）等方法，分析了1951—2017年灌区气象因素及干旱特征年、季的演变规律。结果表明：灌区年平均相对湿度、降水量和水面蒸发量均呈现下降趋势，年最低气温、最高气温和平均气温均呈现升高趋势，且在不同年份发生明显突变;冬季平均相对湿度气候倾向率最大为-1.14%/（10 a），最低气温、最高气温和平均气温的气候倾向率均在春季最大（分别为0.52、0.18、0.40 ℃/（10 a）），年降水量的气候倾向率最大（-12.49 mm/（10 a）），夏季蒸发量的气候倾向率最大（-6.91 mm/（10 a））;灌区多年平均干旱发生频率为33.43%，约每3 a就会发生一次干旱，春季、夏季和秋季干旱发生频率分别为56.72%、56.72%和26.87%，而冬季无干旱情况发生。
关键词：气象因素;标准化降水蒸散指数;干旱特征;演变规律;人民胜利渠灌区
中图分类号：P338+.6;TV213.4 文献标志码：A
doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.08.011
引用格式：张彦，李平，邹磊，等.人民胜利渠灌区气象因素及干旱特征演变分析[J].人民黄河，2021，43（8）：58-64.
Abstract： In recent years， the shortage of water resources in irrigation area has occurred frequently. In order to quantitatively analyze the climate change characteristics of the People’s Victory Canal irrigation area， the evolution rules of meteorological factors and drought characteristics of the irrigation area from 1951 to 2017 were analyzed by the mathematical statistics， Mann-Kendall trend test method， climate tendency rate and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index （SPEI）. The results show that the annual average relative humidity， precipitation and evaporation of the irrigation area present the decreasing trends， and the annual minimum temperature， maximum temperature and average temperature present the increasing trends， which are obvious mutations in different years. The climate tendency rate of average relative humidity in winter is the highest， which is -1.14%/（10 a）; the climate tendency rates of minimum temperature， maximum temperature and average temperature are the highest in spring， which are 0.52， 0.18 and 0.40 ℃/（10 a） respectively; the climate tendency rate of annual precipitation is the highest， which is -12.49 mm/（10 a）; the maximum climatic tendency rate of summer evaporation is -6.91 mm/（10 a）. The frequency of annual average drought is 33.43% in the People’s Victory Canal irrigation area， which occurs once every three years; the drought frequencies are 56.72%， 56.72% and 26.87% in spring， summer and autumn， respectively， but there is no drought in winter.
Key words： meteorological factors; standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index; drought characteristics; evolution rule; People’s Victory Canal irrigation area
隨着全球气候变化和人类活动的影响，灌区水资源情势发生了较大变化，水资源短缺制约了灌区农业高效绿色可持续发展[1-3]。灌区气象条件是影响灌区水资源状况的主要因素，降水减少、气温上升导致灌区水资源量减少，直接影响灌区粮食作物和经济作物的生长，因此开展灌区气象因素及干旱特征分析有利于掌握灌区水资源动态变化特征，可为灌区水资源高效利用和农业生产活动提供相应的决策依据。
关键词：气象因素;标准化降水蒸散指数;干旱特征;演变规律;人民胜利渠灌区
中图分类号：P338+.6;TV213.4 文献标志码：A
doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.08.011
引用格式：张彦，李平，邹磊，等.人民胜利渠灌区气象因素及干旱特征演变分析[J].人民黄河，2021，43（8）：58-64.
Abstract： In recent years， the shortage of water resources in irrigation area has occurred frequently. In order to quantitatively analyze the climate change characteristics of the People’s Victory Canal irrigation area， the evolution rules of meteorological factors and drought characteristics of the irrigation area from 1951 to 2017 were analyzed by the mathematical statistics， Mann-Kendall trend test method， climate tendency rate and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index （SPEI）. The results show that the annual average relative humidity， precipitation and evaporation of the irrigation area present the decreasing trends， and the annual minimum temperature， maximum temperature and average temperature present the increasing trends， which are obvious mutations in different years. The climate tendency rate of average relative humidity in winter is the highest， which is -1.14%/（10 a）; the climate tendency rates of minimum temperature， maximum temperature and average temperature are the highest in spring， which are 0.52， 0.18 and 0.40 ℃/（10 a） respectively; the climate tendency rate of annual precipitation is the highest， which is -12.49 mm/（10 a）; the maximum climatic tendency rate of summer evaporation is -6.91 mm/（10 a）. The frequency of annual average drought is 33.43% in the People’s Victory Canal irrigation area， which occurs once every three years; the drought frequencies are 56.72%， 56.72% and 26.87% in spring， summer and autumn， respectively， but there is no drought in winter.
Key words： meteorological factors; standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index; drought characteristics; evolution rule; People’s Victory Canal irrigation area
隨着全球气候变化和人类活动的影响，灌区水资源情势发生了较大变化，水资源短缺制约了灌区农业高效绿色可持续发展[1-3]。灌区气象条件是影响灌区水资源状况的主要因素，降水减少、气温上升导致灌区水资源量减少，直接影响灌区粮食作物和经济作物的生长，因此开展灌区气象因素及干旱特征分析有利于掌握灌区水资源动态变化特征，可为灌区水资源高效利用和农业生产活动提供相应的决策依据。