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一一般说来,水电站的寿命为50年,水电机组设备为30年,如苏联约有100座水电站(250多台机组,320万千瓦)已运行30年以上了,设备已磨损、陈旧,效率比现代水平低3～5％。苏联第十个五年计划(1976～1980年)把对现有电站的改造和改建作为提高水电站经济效益的主攻方向之一。国外一般对运行25～30年的机组大多进行大修,更换新的部件,尽量采用先进技术,对超过半个世纪的机组多数是全部更新。日本大多在原小型电站站址处,根据水文、地形和新技术的发展,拆除原小型机组、重筑高坝,安装容量较大的机组或抽水蓄能机组,提高发电量和水能的利用。
Generally speaking, hydropower stations have a life span of 50 years and hydropower units have 30 years. For example, there are about 100 hydropower stations in the Soviet Union (more than 250 units and 3.2 million kilowatts) that have been in operation for more than 30 years. The equipment is worn, outdated and inefficient 3 ~ 5% lower than the modern level. The Tenth Five-Year Plan of the Soviet Union (1976-1980) regarded the reconstruction and reconstruction of existing power plants as one of the main directions for improving the economic benefits of hydropower stations. Foreign countries generally run over 25 to 30 years of units overhaul, replace the new parts, as far as possible the use of advanced technology, more than half a century most of the units are all updated. Most of Japan is located at the site of the former small-scale power station. According to the development of hydrology, topography and new technologies, the original small units are dismantled, the high dam is rebuilt, large-capacity units or pumped storage units are installed to increase the utilization of power generation and water energy.