Objective: To identify current management practices and evaluate subsequent outcomes of treatment for women diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia. Study design: All women with a histological diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia at the Birmingham Women s Hospital were identified between October 1998 and September 2000. A retrospective case note review was performed for each woman using a standardised data abstraction sheet. Baseline characteristics including clinical presentation and treatment strategywere obtained. Results of subsequent endometrial tissue examinations were used to assess histological response to treatment and the need and indication for hysterectomy was used to assess clinical response. Results: There were 351 women diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia during the study period of which 84% presented with symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding and 54% were postmenopausal. Complex endometrial hyperplasia was the most common diagnosis accounting for 60% of all cases. Eighty percent of women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia were treated by hysterectomy compared with 30% without evidence of cytological atypia (relative hysterectomy rate of 2.6, 95% CI 2.0- 3.3). Hysterectomy was avoided in 138/172 (80% , 95% CI 74- 86% ) women managed conservatively during the study period. Overall 35/108 (36% , 95% CI 27- 46% ) of women managed conservatively had persistent or progressive disease identified (mean follow up 36 months). 20/143 (14% ) women initially diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia who subsequently underwent hysterectomy were found to have endometrial cancer, the majority of whom had been diagnosed with atypical disease (14/20, 70% ). Conclusion( s): The majority of women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia were managed by hysterectomy and the substantial risk of diagnostic under-call supports this approach to treatment. In contrast, there is no consensus regarding the initial management of women with endometrial hyperplasia without cytological atypia. Objective: To identify current management practices and evaluate subsequent outcomes of treatment for women diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia. Study design: All women with a histological diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia at the Birmingham Women’s Hospital were identified between October 1998 and September 2000. A retrospective Results of sequential endometrial tissue examinations were used to assess histological response to treatment and the need and indication for hysterectomy was used to assess Clinical response. Results: There were 351 women diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia during the study period of which 84% presented with symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding and 54% were postmenopausal. Complex endometrial hyperplasia was the most common diagnosis accounting for 60% of all cases.Eighty percent of women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia were treated by hysterectomy compared with 30% without evidence of cytological atypia (relative hysterectomy rate of 2.6, 95% CI 2.0- 3.3). Hysterectomy was avoided in 138/172 (80%, 95% CI Overall 35/108 (36%, 95% CI 27-46%) of women managed conservatively had persistent or progressive disease identified (mean follow up 36 months). 20/143 (14%) women initially diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia who subsequently underwent hysterectomy were found to have endometrial cancer, the majority of whom had been diagnosed with atypical disease (14/20, 70%). Conclusion (s): The majority of women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia were managed by hysterectomy and the substantial risk of diagnostic under-call supports this approach to treatment. In contrast, there is no consensus regarding the initial management of women with endometrial hyperplasia without cytol ogical atypia.