β粒子或低能X线的弱贯穿辐射会给皮肤、眼睛、睾丸带来潜在的危险。在梯度变化较大的剂量场中,这些组织可能首先受到辐射的影响,所以对辐射防护起着主导作用。本文对其照射中的实际问题、个人剂量计设计中的放射生物学基础以及其它有关问题进行了评述。大量的调查资料表明:(1)不少放射性现场的非贯穿辐射多于贯穿辐射;(2)在某 Weak penetrating beta particles or low-energy X-rays pose a potential hazard to the skin, eyes and testicles. In dose fields with large gradient variations, these tissues may be the first to be affected by radiation and therefore play a leading role in radiation protection. This article reviews the practical aspects of exposure, the radiobiological basis of personal dosimeter design, and other related issues. A large number of survey data indicate that: (1) Many non-penetrating radiation at radioactive sites is more than penetrating radiation; (2)