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目的:考察小春花不同提取部位的镇咳平喘作用。方法:通过氨水引咳法检测咳嗽的潜伏期和3 min内咳嗽次数,组胺喷雾致喘法检测引喘潜伏期,卵蛋白致敏法检测气道反应性、ELISA法检测细胞因子(IL-4,IFN-γ)水平、光镜下肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中炎性细胞的分类计数和观察肺组织病理学改变。结果:小春花氯仿层和乙酸乙酯层可极显著减少小鼠在3 min内的咳嗽次数(P<0.01);石油醚层和氯仿层与对照组相比能极显著延长哮喘潜伏期(P<0.01),乙酸乙酯层具有显著性差异(P<0.05);小春花各部位与模型组相比均能降低哮喘小鼠气道反应性,其中石油醚层、氯仿层和正丁醇层能明显地降低哮喘小鼠的气道缩窄指数(Penh)(P<0.01),氯仿层和乙酸乙酯层能极显著性增加哮喘小鼠的潮气量(P<0.01)以及降低BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞的比例(P<0.01);石油醚层和乙酸乙酯层能显著降低IL-4的水平和IL-4/IFN-γ的比值(P<0.05)。结论:氯仿层和乙酸乙酯层具有明显的镇咳作用并且能明显降低气道炎症反应,提示为小春花镇咳、平喘的有效部位。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antitussive and antiasthmatic effects of different extract parts of Primula. Methods: The latent period of cough and the number of cough within 3 min were measured by ammonia cough-inducing method. The latency of asthma induced by histamine spray was measured by asthmatic method. The airway responsiveness was detected by egg-protein sensitization method. The levels of IL-4, IFN-γ), the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) under light microscopy and the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed. Results: The chloramphenicol layer and ethyl acetate layer significantly reduced the number of coughs in 3 min in mice (P <0.01). Compared with the control group, petroleum ether layer and chloroform layer significantly prolonged the latent period of asthma (P < 0.01). There was significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, all the parts of Pseudotsuga reduced the airway responsiveness of the asthmatic mice. The petroleum ether layer, the chloroform layer and the n-butanol layer were obviously Reduced the airway constriction index (Penh) of asthmatic mice (P <0.01). The chloroform layer and ethyl acetate layer significantly increased the tidal volume of asthmatic mice (P <0.01) and the eosinophilic granules of BALF (P <0.01). The petroleum ether layer and ethyl acetate layer significantly decreased the level of IL-4 and the ratio of IL-4 / IFN-γ (P <0.05). Conclusion: The chloroform layer and ethyl acetate layer have significant antitussive effect and can significantly reduce the airway inflammatory response, suggesting that the effective parts of the small Chunhua antitussive and asthma.