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毕晓普客居巴西期间创作的旅行主题诗歌预见了20世纪后期才逐渐明晰的审视旅行的多元视角。本文立足于巴西社会历史,运用殖民主义、后殖民主义与内部殖民主义的理论观点,细读这些作品如何通过对于地理与宗教扩张以及日常生活经验的频繁指涉,批判了欧洲殖民者、美国新殖民者及巴西上层社会对巴西中下阶层的剥削,同时也对巴西中下层民众安于现状、无意间与殖民者和上层社会合谋加以同情的批判。毕晓普的名篇《克鲁索在英格兰》以对笛福《鲁宾逊漂流记》的反讽,折射出疏离殖民主义、趋近后殖民主义的姿态。
Bishop’s guestbook on the theme of travel created during his stay in Brazil foresaw a multifaceted perspective on travel that began to clear in the late twentieth century. Based on the social history of Brazil and using the theoretical points of colonialism, post-colonialism and internal colonialism, this essay critically examines how these works criticized the European colonists and the United States through their frequent references to the expansion of geography and religion and the daily life experiences. Colonialists and the upper class in Brazil to exploit the middle and lower classes in Brazil. At the same time, they also criticized the middle and lower middle class people in Brazil for their status quo and unwittingly sympathized with the colonialists and the upper classes. Bishop’s famous novel “Crusoe in England” reflects the irony of Defoe’s “Robinson Crusoe” in alienating colonialism and approaching post-colonialism.