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[目的]研究秸秆还田量对一年两熟小麦-玉米轮作制度下土壤理化性质的影响。[方法]通过田间试验,研究秸秆不还田,50%小麦、玉米秸秆还田,100%小麦、玉米秸秆还田,150%小麦、玉米秸秆还田对麦-玉轮作体系中土壤容重、有机质和养分含量,以及小麦和玉米产量的影响。[结果]秸秆还田可以降低土壤容重,增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤养分库容。50%、100%和150%秸秆还田条件下,土壤容重降幅为1.41%~9.15%,土壤有机质含量增加0.02~0.04 g/kg,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全钾含量分别增加6.64~9.00、3.37~4.07、10.33~19.00、40.00~120.00 mg/kg。不同秸秆还田量均能提高小麦、玉米产量,产量增幅分别为7.57%~13.16%、16.29%~26.06%。[结论]秸秆还田量达到150%时,在土壤理化性质及作物产量方面出现转折,建议不超过100%秸秆还田为宜。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of straw returning on soil physico-chemical properties under two-cropping wheat-corn rotation system. [Method] The field experiments were conducted to study the effects of returning straw to field, 50% wheat, corn stalks returning to field, 100% wheat returning to corn stalks, 150% returning to corn and corn stalks on soil bulk density, organic matter And nutrient content, as well as the impact of wheat and maize production. [Result] Straw returning could reduce the bulk density of soil, increase soil organic matter content and increase soil nutrient storage. Under the conditions of 50%, 100% and 150% straw returning, the soil bulk density decreased from 1.41% to 9.15% and the soil organic matter content increased from 0.02 to 0.04 g / kg. The contents of soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and total potassium Increase 6.64 ~ 9.00,3.37 ~ 4.07,10.33 ~ 19.00,40.00 ~ 120.00 mg / kg. The yield of wheat and maize increased by 7.57% ~ 13.16% and 16.29% ~ 26.06% respectively under the condition of different straw returning amount. [Conclusion] When the straw returning amount reached 150%, there appeared a turning point in the physical and chemical properties of soil and the crop yield. It was suggested that no more than 100% straw returning to field was appropriate.