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在我国,文昌文化源远流长,有“北有孔子,南有文昌”之说。在明清时代,文昌文化在民间得到广泛的传播,同时也反映在文学创作中。《儒林外史》作为思想家的小说,是中国古代讽刺小说的杰出代表。由于其描写的主要对象是科举制度和儒生,所以其中不可避免地渗透了文昌文化的影响。在叙事框架、情节铺排、人物描写等方面,作者吴敬梓自觉或不自觉地运用了文昌文化的符号,使其作为实现自己创作目的的媒介。
In our country, Wenchang culture goes back to ancient times, with “Confucius in the north and Wenchang in the south”. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wenchang culture was widely spread in the folk and also reflected in literary creation. The novel “Scholars” as a thinker’s novel is an outstanding representative of ancient Chinese satirical novels. Because of its description of the main object is the imperial examination system and Confucian scholars, so inevitably infiltrated Wenchang culture. In the narrative framework, plot layout, character description and other aspects, the author Wu Jingzi consciously or unconsciously used the symbol of Wenchang culture, making it as a medium for their own creative purposes.