Water resources exploitation is always very important during the whole oasis urbanization in arid zone, adapting with urban development in between contradiction and coordination. Taking Urumqi City as a case, co-adaptation of water exploitation and urban growth is imitated by interactions between water supply and oasis city’s expands on population, economy and environment. In different urbanization stages, the co-adaptation can be represented differently, which can be summarized by five phases: elementary coordination, expanding coordination, expanding contradiction, adapting contradiction, and adapting coordination. Cost of water consumption, proportion of water use and efficiency are the main influence factors to help the co-adaptation. Water resources exploitation is always very important during the whole oasis urbanization in arid zone, adapting with urban development in between contradiction and coordination. Taking Urumqi City as a case, co-adaptation of water exploitation and urban growth is imitated by interactions between water supply and In different urbanization stages, the co-adaptation can be represented differently, which can be summarized by diversifications, which can be summarized by five phases: elementary coordination, expanding coordination, expanding contradiction, adapting contradiction, and adapting coordination. water consumption, proportion of water use and efficiency are the main influence factors to help the co-adaptation.