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根管充填是使用充填材料严密封闭清理成形后的根管系统，控制感染，促进根尖周病变愈合。根管充填质量是影响根管治疗预后的重要因素。理想的根管充填应是充填物内部致密，末端到达根管壁牙骨质牙本质界，无超填和欠填。本文主要阐述根管超填对根管治疗远期疗效的影响及其原因、超填对患牙邻近组织结构的影响以及超填的预防和处理策略，以期更好地指导临床根管治疗，获得更佳的远期预后。“,”Root canal obturation is conducted by using filling materials to tightly seal the root canal system after the procedure of preparation in order to control infection and promote periapical healing. The quality of root canal obturation is one of the essential factors affecting the prognosis of root canal treatment. Qualified root canal filling is defined as a homogeneous radiographic apical filling within the cemento-dentine junction with neither overfilling nor underfilling. This review elucidates the long-term outcome of root canal overfilling and its causes, the influence of apical overfilling on adjacent structures and the prevention and management of overfilling, so as to help the clinicians achieving a better outcome of root canal treatment and obtaining an optimal long-term prognosis.