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从战国晚期的公元前336年,即秦惠文王二年初行钱起,一直到秦帝国覆灭,秦半两铸行了约130年。存世的大量秦半两,大大小小,轻重无常,钱文写法也几乎枚枚有差异。为给秦半两断代,文史学家做了大量考证,但问题至今未彻底解决,有的论断还给钱币界带来新的混乱。如有的学者把一些径3.4—3.85cm的特大半两断为最早的半两,这一说法就既不符合出土事实,又违背常理。笔者以为,为秦半两断代的关键,是找到惠文王初行钱时的标准半两,即找到含有法定钱制意义的半两法钱。其大小、重量、穿孔、钱文书法应该有一定规矩。《史记》载的“初行钱”,“行钱”的含义应是施行一种钱制。钱币是通货,铸炉既开,就要几十、上百,甚至成千的炉子大量铸钱。不能设想各炉自行其是,随意定钱的大小、重量和钱文书法。如果那样,一开始就无法流通,轻小钱绝无市场。所以,初行的半两必依法而铸,有个标准。
From the late Warring States period of 336 BC, that is, Qin Hui Wen Wang two years early Qian money, until the Qin Empire collapse, Qin half cast about 130 years. A large number of secular Qin Qin two, large and small, severity, Wen Qian wording is almost the same piece of the difference. In order to give the Qin and Han dynasties, a large number of literary historians did a great deal of research, but the issue has not been completely solved so far. Some of the arguments have also brought new chaos to the coin industry. If some scholars cut some extra large halves of 3.4-3.85cm into the earliest two halves, this statement will neither accord with the facts of the unearthed land nor run counter to common sense. The author believes that the key to the Qin and Han dynasties is to find the first half of the text of the King Hui Wen half of the standard, that is, to find the meaning of the statutory money system, two and a half dollars. Its size, weight, perforation, Qianwen calligraphy should have some rules. “Historical Records” contained “the first line of money”, “money” means the implementation of a system of money. Coins are currency, cast furnace not only open, it will dozens, hundreds, or even a thousand stoves cast a lot of money. Can not imagine the furnace itself is free to set the size, weight and money writing method. If so, from the beginning can not be circulated, light money no market. Therefore, the first half of the two will be cast according to law, there is a standard.